What is a Landscape Design?
What is a landscape plan?*
Landscape Design
is a complex process that combines the practical with the artful in a
unified, functional composition.
A Landscape Plan
is a printed means of communicating the design intent to a property
owner or installation crew.
Building a good landscape involves
three distinct steps: design; installation; maintenance. Failure to
consider any one facet can affect the success of a landscaping
project. An extremely well conceived landscape cannot succeed if it is
poorly installed, nor can a poorly designed landscape be redeemed by
good installation procedures.
The design process begins with a thorough design analysis, consisting
of a site analysis and an analysis of people's needs. Until the needs
of the property and the people using it are known, they cannot be met.
As a part of the site analysis, the land itself must be studied to
determine if alterations are necessary to provide drainage, usable
areas, and a more comfortable environment. A general study of these
beneficial land features, as well as those requiring alteration is
best; they are refined later, as plans are completed.
After all factors surrounding the land and its occupants have been
studied, the designer can start to formulate specific design concepts.
The property is divided into usable portions for the functions
indicated in the design analysis, and necessary terrain alterations
are planned. Shade, wind protection, screening, and enclosure can then
be provided. At this stage of the design process, it is best to make
general choices, not choosing specific materials until all design
criteria have been evaluated.
All circulation routes are also considered during this design stage.
Again, it is best to determine the general size and shape of
sidewalks, drives, patios, and so forth, without specifically
determining the surfacing to be used. Aesthetic decisions come later.
After all general determinations have been made about area sizes and
shapes, environmental requirements, and circulation routes, the
aesthetic design factors can be considered. The design becomes more
specific at this point. Choices are made: a trellis or a tree for
shade; a wall, fence, hedge, or mass planting for a screen; and so
forth. Ground-surface patterns take form as surfacing materials are
chosen and lines of demarcation are determined. All elements in the
landscape can be tied together effectively in a unified design that is
aesthetically pleasing. Textures, colors, and forms are blended
together to form a functioning landscape that is pleasant to view.
Materials selection climaxes the design process.
The experienced designer will mull the separate parts of the design
process over simultaneously as he proceeds. The designer continually
shifts his attention from one factor to another, ensuring that the
final design will be unified in all phases.
Those ideas that have been conceived in the designer's mind during the
design process are recorded on paper in such away that others can read
and understand them: this is the landscape plan. The plan must
communicate those ideas to the property owner as well as to any
potential installer. Maybe most importantly, the landscape designer
uses the plan to communicate ideas to himself throughout the design
process. Recording the various design concepts on paper during the
design process allows the designer to relate one area to another,
comparing concepts for compatibility.
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